MLA Examples
Students, now you can use NoodleBib to write your MLA citations.
E-Mail - See "Correspondence" |
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Artworks - Print - Electronic |
Foreword - See "Introduction" |
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Books - Print - Electronic |
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Lectures - See "Oral Presentations" |
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Letters - See "Correspondence, Personal" |
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Digests - Print - Electronic |
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Monographs - See "Books" |
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Editorials -See "Newspapers" |
Multivolume Works - See "Encyclopedias," or "Books," or"Reprint Series" |
" Web Pages - See "Internet Sites and Public Online Postings" |
Abstract Found in an Abstracts Journal
Pineda, Marcela. "Desire in Postmodern Discourse: An Analysis of the Poetry
of Christina Peri Rossi." Diss. Indiana U, 2004. DAI 65.12 (2005):
Item DA3156288. Print.
Abstract Found in an Online Database
Zientek, Gigi. "Bilingual Is Better." Momentum 28.1 (1997): 36-38. ERIC. Web.
30 Sept. 2009.
Abstract Found on an Internet Web Page
Sylwester, Robert. "What the Biology of the Brain Tells Us about Learning." Educational
Leadership 51.4 (1993): 46-51. ERIC. Web. 29 Aug. 2009.
Familiar Reference Works That Frequently Appear in New Editions
"Health - Arthritis." World Almanac. 2009 ed. Print.
Cormier, William R. "War in the Persian Gulf." World Book Yearbook. 1992. Print.
Annuals, Almanacs, Yearbooks Found in an Online Database
"Popular and Electoral Presidential Vote by state, 2008 and 2004 (Chart)."
The World Almanac and Book of Facts. 2009 ed. n. pag. World News Digest.
Web. 3 Sept. 2009.
Association of College and Research Libraries. Annual Report: Academic Librarians:
Partners in Higher Education. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries,
1990. Print.
Texas Lottery Commission. Annual Report. Austin: Texas Lottery Commission, 1996. Print
Annual Report Found in an Online Database
"St. Jude Medical Annual Report." 2005. Mergent Online. Web. 5 Sept. 2009.
Painting. Reproduction of Painting Found in a Book
Eakins, Thomas. Spinning.1881. Private collection. Thomas Eakins. Ed. Darrel Sewell.
Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art in assn. with Yale UP, 2001. Plate 91. Print.
Titian. Annunciation. 1557. Capodimonte National Gallery. Naples. Titian. By Filippo
Pedrocco. Florence: SCALA, 1993. 53. Print.
Photograph Found on a Web Page
Lange, Dorothea. The Migrant Mother. 1936. Prints and Photographs Div., Lib. of Cong. Dorothea
Lange: Photographer of the People. Web. 9 Oct. 2009.
Atlas of the World. New York: Oxford UP, 2008. Print.
Munro, David, ed. Cambridge World Gazetteer. Cambridge: Cambridge UP,
1990. Print.
Dell Isola, Frank. Thomas Merton: A Bibliography. Kent: Kent State UP, 1975. Print.
Harner, James L. Literary Research Guide: A Guide to Reference Sources for the Study
of Literature in English and Related Topics. New York: MLA, 1989. Print.
BOOKS
(See also "COLLECTIONS AND ANTHOLOGIES"
below)
Regular Book with One Author
Walker, Alice. The Color Purple. New York: Pocket Books-Washington Square,
1982. Print.
Regular Book with Two or Three Authors
(If there are 2 or 3 authors, you should name all of them.)
(University is Abbreviated with "U" and Press is Abbreviated with "P".)
Zwerdling, Alex, and Richard Voorhees. Orwell and the Left. New Haven: Yale UP,
1974. Print.
Booth, Wayne C., Gregory G. Colomb, and Joseph M. Williams. The Craft of
Research. 2nd ed. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2003. Print.
Regular Book with More Than Three Authors
(If there are 4 or more authors, you may name only the 1st and add et al ["and others"].
Plag, Ingo, et al. Introduction to English Linguistics. Berlin: Mouton, 2007. Print.
Klier, Barbara. Education Reflecting Our Society. Detroit: Gale, 2000. Print.
Information Plus Reference Ser.
Kamens; Edward, and Murasaki Shikibu. Approaches to Teaching Murasaki
Shikibu's The Tale of Genji. New York: MLA. 1993. Print.
Book with Editors Instead of Author - Part of a Series
Foster, Carol E., Mark A. Siegel, and Nancy R. Jacobs, eds. Women's Changing Role.
Wylie: Information Plus, 1990. Print. The Information Series on Current Topics.
Book Has an Edition Number.
Booth, Wayne C., Gregory G. Colomb, and Joseph M. Williams. The Craft of
Research. 2nd ed. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2003. Print.
Book that is a Translation
Ellul, Jacques. Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes. Trans. Konrad Kellen
and Jean Lerner. New York: Knopf, 1965. Print.
Book with More than One Volume
When you use two or more volumes of a multivolume work that is not
a reference work,
cite the total number of volumes in the work.
Malone, Dumas. Jefferson and His Time. 6 vols. Boston: Little, 1948-81. Print.
Rampersad, Arnold. The Life of Langston Hughes. 2nd ed. 2 vols. New York:
Oxford UP, 2002. Print.
Book Found in an Online Database
Kreimer, Alcira, and Margaret Arnold, eds. Managing Disaster Risk in Emerging
Economies. Washington: World Bank, 2000. NetLibrary DCCCD
eContent Collection. Web. 4 Oct. 2009.
Book Found on an Internet Web Page
Child, L. Maria, ed. . The Freedmen's Book. Boston, 1866. Google Book Search.
Web. 15 May 2008.
London, Jack. The Game. 1913. Project Gutenberg. Web. 1 Oct. 2009.
Biographical Essay in an Annually Published Collected Biography
"Jodie Foster." Current Biography. 1992. Print.
Essay in an Anthology. Original
Davis, Mike. "Fortress Los Angeles: The Militarization of Urban Space."
Variations on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End
of Public Space. Ed. Michael Sorkin. New York: Hill, 1992. 154-80. Print.
Le Guin, Ursula K. "The Space Crone." Dancing at the Edge of the World:
Thoughts on Words, Women, Places. New York: Grove, 1989. 3-6. Print.
When Only One Volume Of A Multivolume
Work Is Used
(Page numbers are required in parenthetical notes, but not
in the works cited entry,
unless the work is not in alphabetical
order.)
Alder, Thomas P. "Edward Albee." Critical Survey of Drama: English Language Series. Ed. Frank N.
Magill. Vol. 1. Englewood Cliffs: Salem, 1985. Print.
Brooker, Jewel Spears. "T. S. Eliot." American Poets, 1880-1945. Ed. Peter
Quartermain. Detroit: Gale, 1986. Print. Dictionary of Literary Biography 45.
"Fromm, Erich 1900-1980." Contemporary Authors. Vol. 29. Detroit: Gale, 1990.
189 vols. to date. 1981-. Print. New Revision Ser.
Hopkinson, Tom. "George Orwell." British Writers. Ed. Ian Scott-Kilvert. Vol. 7.
New York: Scribner's, 1984. 273-87. Print.
Morsberger, Robert E. "James Thurber." American Writers. Ed. Leonard Ungar.
Supp. I pt. 2. New York: Scribner's, 1979. 602-27. Print.
you used. Include page numbers of article only when articles are not in alphabetical order.
Stowe, Harriet, Beecher. "Sojourner Truth, the Libyan Sibyl."
1863. The Heath
Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter et al. 4th ed. Vol. 1.
Boston: Houghton, 2002. 2530-38. Print.
(Specific volume and page numbers are included as part of in-text references, e.g., 4:37.)
Cambridge History of English Literature. Ed. A. W. Ward
and A. R.
Waller. 15 vols. London: Cambridge UP, 1932. Print,
Orwell, George. The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George
Orwell. Ed. Sonia Orwell and Ian Angus. 4 vols. New York: Harcourt, 1968. Print.
Churchill, Winston S. The Age of Revolution. New York:
Dodd, 1957. Vol. 3 of
A History of the English-Speaking Peoples. 4 vols. 1956-58. Print.
Poem, Short Story, or Play in a Collection or Anthology
Chekhov, Anton. The Cherry Orchard. Trans. Avraham Yarmolinsky. Norton
Anthology of World Masterpieces. Ed. Maynard Mack. 4th ed. Vol. 2.
New York: Norton, 1979. 1192-1230. Print
Lazard, Naomi. "In Answer to Your Query." The Norton Book of Light Verse.
Ed. Russell Baker. New York: Norton, 1986. 52-53. Print.
O'Connor, Flannery. "The Life You Save May be Your Own." The Realm of Fiction:
74 Short Stories. Ed. James B. Hall and Elizabeth C. Hall. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw,
1977. 479-88. Print.
Reprint Article Title has
not been changed from the Original Source
(Begin with the original - end with
the reprint.)
Granville-Barker, Harley. "Place-Structure and Time-Structure." Prefaces to
Shakespeare: Hamlet. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1965. 38-46. Rpt. in
Twentieth-Century Interpretations of Hamlet: a Collection of Critical
Essays. Ed. David Bevington. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice, 1968. 27-31. Print.
Collections and Anthologies Found in an Online Database
"East Timor - Life Style: Dating and Marriage." CultureGrams World Edition. 2007.
Web. 17 Aug. 2009.
Quirino, Leonard. "The Cards Indicate a Voyage on A Streetcar Named Desire."
Tennessee Williams: A Tribute. Ed. Jac Tharpe. U.P. of Miss., 1977.
77-96. Literature Resource Center. Web. 9 July 2009.
Sobania, Neal. "Kenya: Marriage Forms." The Modern World. Westport: Greenwood.
World Cultures Today. Web. 8 Aug. 2009.
Spiller, Robert E. James Fenimore Cooper. American Writers. Vol. 1. Scribner's,
1974. 335-57. Literature Resource Center. Web. 10 Aug. 2009.
Ecobichon, Donald J., and Joseph M. Wu, eds. Environmental Tobacco Smoke:
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Environmental Tobacco
Smoke at McGill University. Lexington: Lexington, 1990. Print.
CORPORATE AUTHOR
(company, institution, association, or government agency)
See also "GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS" below.
Dallas County Community Colleges. Richland College. Institutional Self-Study.
Dallas: Richland College, 1993. Print.
Surface Mail (Use MS for handwritten; use TS for typescript.)
Evans, Lorene. Letter to the author. 5 Apr. 2008. TS
Jeser-Skaggs, Sharlee. "Keyword Quirks." Message to Gary Duke.
28 Feb. 2005. E-mail.
General Dictionary
"Hard Rock." The American Heritage Dictionary of the English
Subject DictionaryLanguage. 4th ed. Boston: Houghton, 2006. Print.
American Library Association. ALA Glossary of Library and
Information Science. Chicago: ALA, 1983. Print.
Dictionary From an Online Database
"Lexicography." Webster's Third New International Dictionary,
Unabridged. Merriam-Webster. 1993. Web. 9 Oct. 2009.
Dictionary From an Internet Web Page
Harper, Douglas. "Promotory." Online Etymology Dictionary.
Nov. 2001. Web. 8 Oct. 2009. Web. 9 Oct. 2009.
Rudd, Hughes. Rev. of Texas, by James Michener. New York Times
Book Review 13 Oct., 1985: 9. Rpt. in Book Review Digest.
1986. New York: Wilson, 1987. Print.
Digest Found in an Online Database
"Ex-Klannsman Convicted of Manslaughter in 1964 Case: Guilty in
Mississippi Civil Rights Murders." Facts on File World News
Digest 23 June 2005: n. pag. World News Digest. Web. 9 Sept. 2009.
Sadker, David, and Karen Zittleman. "Gender Bias Lives, For Both sexes." Education
Digest: Essential Readings Condensed for Quick Review 70.8 (Apr. 2005):
27-30. ERIC. Web. 19 Sept. 2008.
"109th Congress: Nebraska." Congressional Directory 109th Congress. Washington:
GPO, 2005 - 2006. 160-62. Print.
EDITORIALS
See "NEWSPAPERS" below.
E-MAIL
See "CORRESPONDENCE" above.
General Encyclopedias
General Encyclopedias That Often Appear in New Editions
Carroll, Bob. "Football." World Book Encyclopedia. 2009 ed. Print.
General Encyclopedia with Title of Subset
Smith, Bruce Lannes. "Propaganda." The New Encyclopaedia
Britannica: Macropaedia. 15th ed. 2002. Print.
General Encyclopedia with Article Subsections by Different Authors
Faherty, Robert L. "Rites and Ceremonies: Sacrifice." The New
Encyclopaedia Britannica: Macropaedia. 15th ed. 2002. Print.
Less Familiar General Encyclopedia. No Author
"Industrial Architecture." New Caxton Encyclopedia. 20 vols. London:
Caxton, 1977. Print.
Subject Encyclopedias - Citing a Work that Has More than One Volume (a multivolume work)
Subject Encyclopedias: Article Has an Author and Set Has a General Editor
Parke, Ross D., and David J. McDowell. "Fatherhood." International
Encyclopedia of Marriage and Family. Ed. James J. Ponzetti, Jr.
2nd ed. Vol. 2. New York: Macmillan, 2003. Print.
Smith, Bruce L. "Propaganda." International Encyclopedia of the Social
Sciences. Ed. David L. Sills. Vol. 12. New York: MacMillan, 1968. Print.
Subject Encyclopedia: Article Has No Named Author
"Censorship." West's Encyclopedia of American Law. Vol 2. St. Paul: West, 1998. Print.
"Dallas County Community College District." The New Handbook of Texas. Ed. Roy R.
Barkley. Vol. 2. Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1996. Print.
Subject Encyclopedia Not in Alphabetical Order (give page numbers) and Has No Named Author
"Parallel Universes." The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Science and the Future. Vol. 9.
New York: Cavendish, 1983. 1116. Print.
"Rain Forests." UXL Encyclopedia of Biomes. Ed. Marlene Weigel and Julie L. Carnagie.
Vol. 2. Detroit: UXL-Gale, 2000. 305-41. Print.
Encyclopedia Itself Has an Author
Schwarzenegger, Arnold. Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding. New York:
Simon, 1985. Print.
General Encyclopedias
General Encyclopedia Article Found in an Online Database
"Electoral College." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Britannica Online. Web.
15 Aug. 2009.
"New York City Bans Trans Fats (Special Report)." Facts on File World News Digest.
Dec. 2006: n. pag. World News Digest. Web. 9 Sept. 2009.
General Encyclopedia Article Found on an Internet Web Page
"Egyptian Religion." Infoplease: Encyclopedia.The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia,
6th ed. 2007. Pearson. Web. 5 Oct. 2009
Subject Encyclopedias
Subject Encyclopedia Article Found in an Online Database
Phillips, Charles, and Alan Axlerod. "Bay of Pigs Invasion." Encyclopedia of Wars.
New York: Facts on File, 2005. American History Online. Web. 3 Sept. 2009.
Spiller, Robert E. "James Fenimore Cooper." American Writers. Vol. 1. Scribner’s,
1974. 335-57. Literature Resource Center. Web. 10 Aug. 2009.
FILMS, VIDEO RECORDINGS, AND DVDs
Film
It's a Wonderful Life. Dir. Frank Capra. Perf. James Stewart, Donna Reed, Lionel
Barrymore, and Thomas Mitchell. RKO, 1946. Film.
Videocassette
The Wrong Stuff: American Architecture. Dir. Tom Bettag. Carousel Films, 1983.
Videocassette.
Video Viewed on an Internet Web Page
"Hazing in the Navy." CNN.com. Cable News Network, 12 Oct. 2009. Web.
12 Oct. 2009.
Richland College Library. "What Do You Love About the Richland College
Library?" YouTube.com. N.p., 13 Apr. 2009. Web. 22 Sept. 2009.
Note: Examples of citations for films vary according
to the emphasis of the paper. For explanation
and examples consult the MLA Handbook at the Reference Desk.
FOREWORD
(See "INTRODUCTION" below)
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS
(see also "CORPORATE AUTHORS" above)
United States. Dept. of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Physician Assistants."
Occupational Outlook Handbook. 1992-93 ed. Washington: GPO, 1992. Print.
United States. National Center for Health Statistics. "Marriages and Divorces." Statistical
Abstract of the United States: 1992. Washington: GPO, 1991. Print.
United States. Office of Management and Budget. Budget of the United States
Government: Fiscal Year 1990. Washington: GPO, 1989. Print.
Government Document Found in an Online Database
Tiahrt, Todd. "Fiscal 2008 Budget: Federal Aviation Administration." FDCH
Congressional Testimony. 21 Mar. 2007. MasterFILE Premier.
Web. 18 Sept. 2009.
Government Document Found on an Internet Web Page
"The Unanimous Declaration of the Thirteen United States of America." Declaration
of Independence. Archiving Early America. 4 July 1776. Web. 12 Oct. 2009.
HANDBOOKS, MANUALS
Robinson, Jancis, ed. Oxford Companion to Wine. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1994. Print.
"Texas Instruments." Mergent Handbook of Common Stocks. Winter 2009 ed. Print.
Wilson, Mark J., ed. "Modes and Systems." The ARRL Handbook for Radio
Communications. 84th ed. Newton: AARL, 2007. 9.1-.54. Print.
Handbook Found in an Online Database
Schwartz, Jerry, "Covering a Beat: Television." Reporting Handbook. Associated Press
Series. New York: McGraw, 2002. 99-106. NetLibrary. Web. 14 Aug. 2009.
Handbook Found on an Internet Web Page
"Commercial and Industrial Designers." Occupational Outlook Handbook. 2008-09 ed.
Bureau of Labor Statistics. 18 Dec. 2007. Web. 13 Oct. 2009.
INTRODUCTION, FOREWORD, OR PREFACE
Feal, Rosemary G. Foreword. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 7th ed.
New York: MLA, 2009. xiii-xv. Print.
Stewart, George R. Introduction. American Place-Names: A Concise and Selective
Dictionary for the Continental United States of America. New York: Oxford UP,
1970. xvii-xxxiii. Print.
Blog
Jeser-Skaggs, Sharlee. "National Information Literacy Awareness Month." What's
Happening in the Richland College Library. Richland College Library.
5 Oct. 2009. Web. 12 Oct. 2009.
Book Online
Millay, Edna St. Vincent. Second April. New York: Mitchell Kennerley, 1921.
Carnegie Mellon University Hillman Library. 12 May 1997. Web. 27 July 2009.
E-Mail
(see "CORRESPONDENCE" above)
Newspaper Article Online
Browning, Lynnley. "Tax Day Looms for Americans with Offshore Bank Accounts."
New York Times 12 Oct. 2009, Business sec. Web. 12 Oct. 2009.
Magazine Article Online
Gilgoff, Dan. "The Country's Emerging Shift on Abortion." U.S. News and World
Report. 9 Oct. 2009, Religion sec. Web. 12 Oct. 2009.
Journal Article Online
Graves, William H. "Why We Need Internet II." Educom Review 31.5 (1996): n.p.
26 Jan. 1997. Web. 21 Sept. 2009.
Web Pages
Web page with author given
Menand, Louis. "Honest, Decent, Wrong." New Yorker. CondeNet, 27 Jan. 2003. Web.
3 Sept. 2009.
Web page has no author given
"Greenhouse Gas Emissions." Climate Change - Greenhouse Gas Emmissions. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 15 Apr. 2008. Web. 3 Aug. 2009.
Web page with no author given and no date given
"Cars, Trucks, & Air Pollution." Clean Vehicles. Union of Concerned Scientists,
n.d. Web. 3 Aug. 2009.
Web page that would be difficult to find without the URL (Add url enclosed in angle brackets < >.)
Eaves, Morris, Robert Essick, and Joseph Viscomi, eds. The William Blake Archive.
Lib. of Cong., 28 Sept. 2007. Web. 20 Nov. 2008. <http://www.blakearchive.
org/blake/>.
INTERVIEWS
By Letter
Copland, Aaron. Letter to the author. 17 May 1982.
By Phone
Poussaint, Alvin F. Telephone interview. 10 Dec. 1980.
Face to Face
Pei, I. M. Personal interview. 22 July 1993.
In Print -Found in a Newspaper
Gordimer, Nadine. Interview New York Times 10 Oct. 1991, late ed.: C25. Print
On Radio
Breslin, Jimmy. Interview by Neal Conan. Talk of the Nation. Natl. Public Radio. WBUR,
Boston. 26 Mar. 2002. Radio.
On Television
Wiesel, Elie. Interview by Ted Koppel. Nightline. ABC. WABC, New York. 18 Apr.
2002. Television.
See "PERIODICALS--MAGAZINES" below
LECTURES
See ORAL PRESENTATIONS
Codes
Vernon’s Texas Codes Annotated
V.T.C.A., Alcoholic Beverage Code sec. 32.03. Print.
Vernon's Annotated Revised Civil Statutes of the State of Texas
Vernon’s Ann. Civ. St. art. 165-68. Print.
Aviation and Transportation Security Act. Pub. L. 107-71. 115 Stat. 597-647.
19 Nov. 2001. Print.
Brown v. Board of Educ. 347 US 483-96. Supreme Court of the US. 1945. Supreme
Court Collection. Legal Information Inst., Cornell U Law School, n.d. Web.
3 Aug. 2007.
A Practical Manual of Standard Legal Citations. Ref KF245.P7]
LETTERS
See "CORRESPONDENCE, PERSONAL " above.
Heartbreak House. By George Bernard Shaw. Dir. Robin Lefevre. Perf. Philip
Bosco and Swoosie Kurtz. Roundabout Theatre Company. Amer.
Airlines Theatre, New York. 1 Oct. 2006. Performance.
MONOGRAPHS
(See "BOOKS" above.)
See "ENCYCLOPEDIAS" above; see "BOOKS" above; see "REPRINT SERIES " below.
Regular Article. City Location Clearly Shows in Newspaper Name. Continuation of Article on Following Pages.
Lindenberger, Michael A. "Left Unpaid, Tolls Grow - and Fast." Dallas Morning News
1 July 2009: 1A+. Print.
Regular Article. City Location Not Indicated in Newspaper Name. Continuation of Article on Following Pages.
Alaton, Salem. "So Did They Live Happily Ever After?." Globe and Mail [Toronto]
21 Dec. 1997: D1+. Print.
Original Book Review in a Newspaper
Berry, Jason. "The High Price of Hate." Rev. of Hate on Trial: The Case Against
America’s Most Dangerous Neo-Nazi, by Morris Dees and Steve Fiffer.
New York Times Book Review 21 May 1993: 27. Print.
Editorials
Editorial in Original Newspaper. No Author Identified. Sections Numbered Differently.
"Obama Must Get Direct." Editorial. Dallas Morning News 24 July 2009, sec.
A:20. Print.
Editorial Found in Reprint Service. No Author. No Article Title. Name of Newspaper Supplemented.
Editorial. The Blade [Toledo] 27 Jan. 1993. Rpt. in Editorials on File. New York: Facts
on File, 1993. 106. Print.
Microfiche (Newspaper Article Found in Microform)
Brody, Jane E. "Brain Yields Clues to Its Visual Maps." New York Times 23 Mar.
1993. Current Events Edition 1993: fiche 29, grids 42-43. Microform.
Chapman, Dan.. "Panel Could Help Protect Children." Winston-Salem Journal 14
Jan. 1990:14. Microform. NewsBank: Welfare and social Problems 12
(1990): fiche 1, grids A8-11.
News Articles Found in an Online Database
Facts on File
Use n. pag. to indicate that no pagination was given.
"Electoral College in the Spotlight (Reserach Feature)." Facts On File World News
Digest Nov. 2000: n. pag. World News Digest. Web. 26 Aug. 2009.
"National Identification Cards." Issues & Controversies On File 28 Dec. 2001: n. pag.
Issues & Controversies. Web. 6 Sept. 2009.
"No Sponge Left Behind." Today's Science Aug. 2006: n. pag. Today's Science. Web.
3 Sept. 2009.
Historical New York Times
No Author Given. Continuation of Article on Following Pages.
"Child Stolen in Evening." New York Times 2 Mar. 1932: 1+. The Historical New York
Times. Web. 19 Aug. 2009.
InfoTrac Newspapers
Cane, Alan. "So Near, So Far." The Financial Times 15 June 2004: 12. InfoTrac
Newspapers. Web. 7 Aug. 2009.
Name of City Does Not Appear in Newspaper Name
Quinn, Dale. "2 Homemade Bombs Found; Man Arrested." Arizona Daily Star [Tucson] 26
Oct. 2006: B4. InfoTrac Custom Newspapers. Web. 8 July 2009.
NewsBank Newsfile
Trahan, Jason. "Drama Unfolded in Jabari's Final Hour." Dallas Morning News 29 May
2004: 15A Newsbank. Web. 18 June 2009.
Newspaper Source
Potter, Trevor." Time to Restore Trust in our Campaign System." Christian Science
Monitor 12 July 2001: 9. Newspaper Source. Web. 20 July 2009.
Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center (Online Database Reprints)
Reprint Article Title has been changed from the Original Source
(Begin with the reprint - end with the original.)
Use n. pag. to indicate that no pagination was given.
Kaplan, Karen. "Gangs in Cyberspace." Gangs. Ed. J. D. Lloyd. San Diego: Greenhaven,
2002. N. pag. Contemporary Issues Companion Ser. Rpt. in "Gangs Finding
New Turf." Los Angeles Times 31 May, 2001: n. pag. Opposing Viewpoints
Resource Center. Web. 23 July. 2009.
Newspaper Article Found on a Newspaper's Internet Web Page
Williams, Don. "Leach Voices Support for Doege." Red Raiders.com. Lubbock
Avalanche-Journal, 26 Oct. 2009. Web. 27 Oct. 2009.
ORAL PRESENTATIONS - LECTURE, SPEECH, ADDRESS, or READING
Atwood, Margaret. "Silencing the Scream." Boundaries of the Imagination Forum. MLA
Annual Convention. Royal York Hotel, Toronto. 19 Dec. 1993. Address.
Robinson, Marilynne, and Robert Alter. "The Psalms: A Reading and Conversation."
92nd Street Y, New York. 17 Dec. 2007. Reading.
PAMPHLETS
(See also "CORPORATE AUTHORS" above)
Pamphlet With Author - Treat Like a Book
Freese, Arthur. S. Understanding Stress. Public Affairs Pamphlet. 538. New York: Public
Affairs Committee, 1977. Print.
Roe, Jon. Governing America: Our Choices, Our Challenge. National Issues Forums.
Dubuque: Kendall Hunt, 1996. Print.
Pamphlet With No Author - Treat Like a Book
Washington, DC. New York: Trip Builder, 2000. Print.
Journals
Article in a Journal with No Issue Number
Ranald, Ralph. "George Orwell and the Mad World: The Anti-Universe of 1984." South
Atlantic Quarterly 66 (1967): 544-53. Print.
Article in a Bimonthly Journal with an Issue Number
Sohrabi, Nader. "Historicizing Revolutions: Constitutional Revolutions in the Ottoman
Empire, Iran, and Russia, 1905-08." American Journal of Sociology
100.6 (1995): 1383-1447. Print.
Magazines
Article with Author in Weekly Magazine
Idelson, Holly. "Gun Rights and Restrictions: The Territory Reconfigured."
Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report 24 Apr. 1993: 1021-27.
Print.
Jost, Kenneth. "Children’s Legal Rights." CQ Researcher 23 Apr. 1993: 339-60. Print.
Painton, Priscilla. "The Maternal Wall." Time 10 May 1993: 44-45. Print.
Rosenblatt, Jean. "Sleep Research." Editorial Research Reports 21 Aug. 1981: 613-32.
Print.
Article without a Named Author in Weekly or Biweekly Magazine
"Cloning." Issues and Controversies on File 18 Apr. 1997: 153-60. Print.
"Stolen Art Treasures Found in Texas." Facts on File 22 June 1990: 459. Print.
Article without a Named Author in Monthly or Bimonthly Magazine
Foreword. "Welfare Reform." Congressional Digest June/July 1995: 162. Print.
"An Inquiry into George Orwell's 1984." Futurist Dec. 1983: 21-32. Print.
Article in a Quarterly Serial Publication
"Texas Instruments." Mergent Handbook of Common Stocks. Summer 2009 ed. Print
Book Reviews Published in a Magazine
Named Author and Title of Review
Walsh, Michael. "Myth of the Divine Child." Rev. of Mozart: A Life, by Maynard
Solomon. Time 6 Mar. 1995: 96. Print.
Named Author but No Title
Eastland, Terry. Rev. of Sound and Fury: The Washington Punditocracy and the
Collapse of American Politics, by Eric Alterman. National Review
16 Nov. 1992: 65. Print.
Neither a Named Author nor Title
Rev. of Loitering with Intent, by Peter O’Toole. Atlantic May 1993: 129. Print.
Interview Published in a Magazine
Bush, George. Interview. The New Republic May 1984: 67-74. Print.
Tables as Articles in a Monthly Magazine
"U.S. International Transactions." Economic Indicators Mar. 1989: 36. Print.
Journals
Journal Article Found in an Online Database
Academic Search Complete
Coyle, Cheryl L., and Heather Vaughn. "Social Networking: Communication Revolution or
Evolution?" Bell Labs Technical Journal 13.2 (Summer 2008): 13-17. Academic
Search Complete. Web. 31 July 2009.
Health Reference Center-Academic
Harrington, Richard. "Adolescent Depression: Same or Different?" Archives of General
Psychiatry 58 (2001): 21. Health Reference Center-Academic. Web.
30 Oct 2009.
Humanities Full Text
Mayo, James. "Morrison's The Bluest Eye." Explicator 60.4 (2002): 231-34. Humanities
Full Text. Web. 30 Sept. 2009.
Literary Reference Center
Hoeltje, Hubert H. "A Forgotten Hawthorne Silhouette." American Literature 28.4
(1957): 510. Literary Reference Center. Web. 7 Aug. 2009.
Literature Online
A Title Appears Within a Title
Delashmit, Margaret, and Charles Long. "Gilman's 'The Yellow Wallpaper'." Explicator
50.1 (Fall 1991): 32. Literature Online. Web. 18 Aug. 2009
Magazines
Magazine Article Found in an Online Database
Academic Search Complete
Hempel, Jessi., and Beth Kowitt. "How Facebook Is taking Over Our Lives." Fortune 2
Mar. 2009: 48-56. Academic Search Complete. Web. 1 July 2009.
Business Source Complete
No Author Given.
"MCI Enters Prepaid Paging Aimed at Youth." TWICE 6 Jan. 2000: 161. Business Source
Complete. Web. 22 July 2009.
Computer Source: Consumer Edition
Lee, Pender. "Web Push Won't Alter SAP Focus." PC Week 13 Sept. 1999: 37-38.
Computer Source. Web. 20 July 2009.
CQ Researcher
Cooper, Mary H. "Hating America." CQ Researcher 23 Nov. 2001:969-92. CQ
Researcher Online. Web. 17 Aug. 2009.
eLibrary Curriculum Edition
Halpern, Michelle. "Cute, but Scary." Marketing 9 Aug. 2004: 13. eLibrary curriculum Edition. Web.
7 Sept.. 2009.
MasterFILE Premier
Tucker, Reed. "Who Is On a Laugh Track?" Fortune 25 June 2001: 44. MasterFILE
Premier. Web. 26 July 2009.
Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center (Reprints)
Reprints are tricky to cite.
If the reprint article title has not been changed from
the original source,
begin with the original and end with the reprint.
If the reprint article title has been changed from the
original source,
begin with the reprint and end with the original.
And, you must include the database information at the end of the citation.
Use n. pag. if no pagination is given.
Use n.d. if no date is given.
Type 1 Example - Reprint Article Title has not been changed from the Original Source
(Begin with the original - end with the reprint.)
Barry, John. "Unearthing the Truth." Newsweek 2 Mar. 1998: n. pag. Rpt. in Biological
and Chemical Weapons. Ed. David M. Haugen. Greenhaven, 2001. N. pag.
At Issue Ser. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Web. 18 June 200.
Type 2 Example - Reprint Article Title has been changed from the Original Source
(Begin with the reprint - end with the original.)
Koppured, Steve. "Modern Farming is Humane." Animal Rights. Ed. Andrew Harnack.
San Diego: Greenhaven, n.d. N.pag. Opposing Viewpoints Ser. Rpt. of
"So What's the Beef About Animal Rights?" Agricultural Engineering May
1993: n. pag. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Web. 30 Aug. 2009.
Readers' Guide Full Text
Rogers, Heather, and Christian Parenti. "The Hidden Life of Garbage." Utne Reader Nov./Dec.
2002. Readers' Guide Full Text. Web. 4 Oct. 2009.
SIRS Knowledge Source
Perelman, Michael. "The Political Economy of Intellectual Property." Monthly Review
Jan. 2003: 29-37. SIRS Researcher. Web. 27 Oct. 2009.
TOPICsearch
Palmer, Ann Therese, and Sheridan Prasso. "Where Have All the Pay Phones Gone?"
Business Week 14 May 2001: 16. TOPICsearch. Web. 20 July 2009.
Article Found on an Internet Web Page
Journal
Tsokos, George C. "In the Beginning Was Sm." The Journal of Immunology. The
American Association of Immunologists. 176 (2006): 1295-96. Web. 27
Oct. 2009.
Magazine
Kluger, Jeffrey. "The Gentle Cosmic Rain." Time. Time Inc. 9 June 1997. Web. 27
Oct. 2009.
PREFACE
See "INTRODUCTION, FOREWARD, PREFACE"
above.
Bartlett, John. Familiar Quotations. Ed. Justin Kaplan. 16th ed. Boston: Little,
1992. Print.
Pater, Alan F., and Jason R. Pater, comps. and eds. What They Said. 26th ed. Palm
Springs: Monitor, 1995. Print.
REPRINT SERIES
(Include citations to the original and the reprint source.)
Reprints are tricky to cite.
If the reprint article title has not been changed from
the original source,
begin with the original and end with the reprint.
If the reprint article title has been changed from the
original source,
begin with the reprint and end with the original.
And, you must include the database information at the end of the citation.
Use n. pag. if no pagination is given.
Use n.d. if no date is given.
Annual Editions
Type 1 Example - Reprint Article Title has not been changed from the Original Source
(Begin with the original - end with the reprint.)
Journal Article in a Reprint
Asher, Steven R., and Julie A. Paquette. "Loneliness and Peer Relations in Childhood."
Current Directions in Psychological Science. 12.3 (June 2003): 75-78. Rpt.
in Child Growth and Development 06/07. Eds. Ellen N. Junn and Chris Boyatzis.
13th ed. Dubuque: McGraw, 2006. 64-67. Print. Annual Editions Ser.
Magazine Article in a Reprint
Godin, Seth. "Are You Built to Grow?." Fast Company. Nov. 2000: 394-97. Rpt. in
Entrepreneuship. Ed. Robert W. Price. 5th ed. Dubuque:
McGraw, 2006. 146-48. Print. Annual Editions Ser.
Newspaper Article in a Reprint
Graham, Maureen, Rita Giordano, and Christine Bahls. "Crimes By Girls Flying Off the
Charts." Philadelphia Inquirer, 29 Sept. 1998: A1+. Rpt. in Juvenile
Delinquency and Justice 06/07. Ed. David R. Struckhoff. 2nd ed. Dubuque:
McGraw, 2006. 163-66. Print. Annual Editions Ser.
Web Page Article in a Reprint
Vardis, Harry. "Listening to Your Inner Entrepreneuer." Business Week Online. N. p.,
18 July 2003. Rpt. in Entrepreneurship. Ed. Robert W. Price. 5th ed. Dubuque:
McGraw, 2006. 69-70. Print. Annual Editions Ser.
At Issue
Type 2 Example - Reprint Article Title has been changed from the Original Source
(Begin with the reprint - end with the original.)
Journal Article in a Reprint
MacKenzie, Thomas D., Carl E. Bartecchi, and Robert W. Schrier. "Smoking Should Be
Regulated." Smoking. Ed. Karin L. Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1995. 10-22.
Print. At Issue Ser. Rpt. of "The Human Costs of Tobacco Use: Part 2." New England
Journal of Medicine 330.14 (1994): 975-80.
Contemporary Literary Criticism
Type 1 Example - Reprint Article Title has not been changed from the Original Source
(Begin with the original - end with the reprint.)
Book in a Reprint
Axelrod, Steven Gould. Robert Lowell: Life and Times. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1978.
Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Daniel G. Marowski. Vol. 37.
Detroit: Gale, 1986. 235-36. Print.
Part of a Book in a Reprint
Burgess, Anthony. The Novel Now: A Guide to Contemporary Fiction. Norton, 1967.
109-10. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Carolyn Riley and
Barbara Harte. Vol 2. Detroit: Gale, 1974. 383. Print.
Magazine Article in a Reprint
Kendrick, Walter. "Stephen King Gets Eminent." Village Voice 29 Apr. 1981: 45. Rpt. in
Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Daniel G. Marowski. Vol. 37. Detroit: Gale,
1986. 197-98. Print.
Current Controversies
Type 1 Example - Reprint Article Title has not been changed from the Original Source
(Begin with the original - end with the reprint.)
Newspaper Article in a Reprint
Editorials on File Editorial. The Blade [Toledo] 27 Jan. 1993. Rpt. in Editorials on File.
New York: Facts on File, 1993. 106. Print.
Type 2 Example - Reprint Article Title has been changed from the Original Source
(Begin with the reprint - end with the original.)
Web Page Editorial in a Reprint
Sherline, Harris. "The Department of Homeland Security Has Not Made Us Safer." Homeland
Security. Ed. Debra A. Miller. Detroit: Gale, 2009. 84-88. Print. Current Controversies
Ser. Rpt. of "Is Our Homeland Secure?" Editorial. American Daughter. N.p., 4 June
2007. <http://editorials.americandaughter.info>.
Enduring Issues
Type 2 Example - Reprint Article Title has been changed from the Original Source
(Begin with the reprint - end with the original.)
Reference Book Article in a Reprint
McGuffin, Peter, and Randy Katz. "Genes Cause Depression." Enduring Issues in
Psychology. Ed. Toni Blake. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1995. 205-16. Print.
Enduring Issues Ser. Rpt. of "Genes, Adversity, and Depression." Nature, Nurture,
and Psychology. Ed. Robert Plomin and Gerald E. McClearn. Washington: APA,
1993. Print.
Film Review Annual
Type 1 Example - Reprint Article Title has not been changed from the Original Source
(Begin with the original - end with the reprint.)
Newspaper Article in a Reprint
Sterritt, David, "The Green Mile." Christian Science Monitor. 10 Dec. 1999: 15. Rpt.
in Film Review Annual 2000. Ed. Jerome S. Ozer. Englewood: Film Review,
2000. Print.
Opposing Viewpoints
Type 2 Example - Reprint Article Title has been changed from the Original Source
(Begin with the reprint - end with the original.)
NOTE: Most of the article titles in the Opposing Viewpoints
Series have been changed
from the original source, so in most cases, use
these examples for a model.
Book in a Reprint
Bartholet, Elizabeth. "Creating More Adoption Possibilities Should Be Encouraged."
Adoption. Ed. Andrew Harnack. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1995. 55-62. Print.
Opposing Viewpoints Ser. Rpt. of Family Bonds. New York: Houghton, 1993.
Magazine Article in a Reprint
French, Nicci. "Feminism Has Benefited Men." Male/Female Roles. Ed. Auriana Ojeda.
Detroit: Greenhaven-Thompson, 2006. 147-53. Print. Opposing Viewpoints Ser. Rpt. of
"It's Been Tough For the Boys," New Statesman 22 Nov. 1999: n. pag.
Newspaper Article in a Reprint
Karaim, Reed. "Women Should Not Be Encouraged to be Stay-at-Home Mothers."
Male/Female Roles. Ed. Auriana Ojeda. Detroit: Greenhaven-Thomson, 2006.
72-76. Print. Opposing Viewpoints Ser. Rpt. of "The Joys of Having a Mom
With a Job." Washington Post, 20 July 2000: n. pag.
Web Page Article in a Reprint.
Moberg, David. "Forcing Developing Nations to Privatize Public services in Order
to Receive International Loans Harms the Poor." Globalization. Ed. Louise
I. Gerdes. Detroit: Greenhaven-Thomson, 2006. 142-47. Print. Opposing
Viewpoints Ser. Rpt. of "Plunder and Profit." In These Times. N. p., 2004.
<www.inthesetimes.com>.
Taking Sides
Type 2 Example - Reprint Article Title has been changed from the Original Source
(Begin with the reprint - end with the original.)
Book Passages in a Reprint
Rreeman, Derek. "Margaret Mead and Samoa." Clashing Views in Anthropology.
Eds. Kirk Endicott and Robert Welsch. 4th ed. 163-72. Rpt. of The Making
and Unmaking of an Anthropoligical Myth. Harvard UP, 1983. xi-xviii,
281-93. Print. Taking Sides Ser.
Type 1 Example - Reprint Article Title has not been changed from the Original Source
(Begin with the original - end with the reprint.)
Book Passages in a Reprint (No article title given for original article, we assumed it was the same.)
Trask, Haunani-Kay. "Natives and Anthropologists: The Colonial Struggle." The
Contemporary Pacific. N.p.: U of Hawaii P, 1991. 159-66. Rpt in
Clashing Views in Anthropology. Eds. Kirk Endicott and Robert Welsch.
4th ed. 163-72. Print. Taking Sides Ser.
Reprints in Online Databases are tricky to cite.
If the reprint article title has not been changed from
the original source,
begin with the original and end with the reprint.
If the reprint article title has been changed from the
original source,
begin with the reprint and end with the original.
And, you must include the database information at the end of the citation.
Opposing Viewpoints
Type 1 Example - Reprint Article Title has not been changed from the Original Source
(Begin with the original - end with the reprint.)
Magazine Article in a Reprint Found in an Online Database
White, Ann Vorisek. "Television Harms Children." Television. Ed. Jamuna Carroll
San Diego: Greenhaven, 2006. N. pag. Opposing Viewpoints Ser. Rpt. of
"Breaking Out of the Box. Turn Off TV. Turn On Life." Mothering. July/Aug.
2001: 70. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Web. 21 Oct. 2009.
Newspaper Article in a Reprint Found in an Online Database
Gill, Steve. "Immigration Increases Unemployment. " Population. Ed. Karen F.
Balkin. Detroit: Greenhaven, 2005, 101-04. Opposing Viewpoints Ser. Rpt.
of "Immigrants Passing Out Pink Slips." The Tullahoma News 14 Oct. 2003:
n. pag. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Web. 25 Oct. 2009.
Web Page Article in a Reprint Found in an Online Database
Kaufman, Ron. "Television Is Responsible for the Obesity Epidemic." Television. Ed.
Jamuna Carroll. San Diego: Greenhaven, 2006. N. pag. Opposing Viewpoints
Ser. Rpt. of "Television, Diet, and Advertising: Why Watching TV Makes You
Fat." N.p., 2003. <http://www.turnoffyourtv.com>. Opposing Viewpoints
Resource Center. Web. 30 Oct. 2009.
Bible
Holy Bible. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1962. Print. Authorized King James Vers.
Koran
The Koran Interpreted. Trans. Arthur J. Arberry. New York: Macmillan, 1973. Print.
Hermann, Edward, narr. John Adams. By David McCullough. Simon, 2001.
Audiocassette.
Holiday, Billie. "God Bless the Child." Rec. 9 May 1941. The Essence of Billie Holiday.
Columbia, 1991. CD.
Hudson, Jennifer, perf. "And I Am Telling You I'm Not going." Dreamgirls: Music from
the Motion Picture. Sony BMG, 2006. MP3 file.
Welles, Orson, dir. The War of the Worlds. By H. G. Wells. Adapt. Howard Koch. Rec.
30 Oct. 1938. Evolution, 1969. LP.
Type 2 Example - Reprint Article Title has been changed from the Original Source
(Begin with the reprint- end with the original.)
Stevens, Thaddeus. "Education As a Public Duty." Annals of America: 1833–1840: The
Challenge of a Continent. Ed. Mortimer J. Adler. Vol. 6. Chicago: Encyclopedia
Britannica, 1968. 21 vols. 136-40. Print. Rpt. of Report of the Commissioner of
Education for the Year 1898-99. Washington: n.p., 1900. 518-24.
"UN Conference on World Population." Historic Documents of 1994. Washington:
Congressional Quarterly, 1995. 351-59. Print. Rpt. of "Gender, Equality, Equity,
and Empowerment of Women." Programme of Action of the United Nations
International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, 13 Sept.
1994.
Unpublished
Roe, Jane. "Presidential Preferences of College Freshmen in the 2008 General Election."
Survey. 1 Oct. 2008.
Survey Published in a Magazine or Journal - Treat as
a "Magazine" or "Journal" article.
Survey Published on an Internet Web Page - Treat as a Web page.
"Death and Society.." Narr. Joanne Silberner. Weekend Edition Sunday. Natl. Public
Radio. KERA, Dallas. 25 Jan. 1998. Radio.
"Frederick Douglass." Civil War Journal. Narr. Danny Glover. Dir. Craig Haffner. Arts
and Entertainment Network. 6 Apr. 1993. Television.
If the reference is primarily to the work of a particular individual, cite that person's name before the title.
Wells, Orson, dir. "The War of the Worlds." By H. G. Wells. Adapt. Howard Koch.
Mercury Theatre on the Air. CBS Radio. WEBS, New York, 30 Oct.
1938. Radio.
TRANSCRIPTS OF TELEVISION AND RADIO PROGRAMS
Fresh Air. Narr. Terry Gross. Natl. Public Radio. WHYY, n. p., 20 May 2008. Print.
Transcript.
Transcript Found in an Online Database
Gupta, Sanjay, and Erica Hill, rept. "Killer Flu: A Breath Away." CNN Live
Event/Special. CNN. 24 Jan. 2006. eLibrary Curriculum Edition.
Web. Transcript. 2 Nov. 2009.